~ Hindu Festivals ~

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Govardhan Puja

The fourth day of Diwali celebrations is 'Padwa' or 'Varshapratipada'. In the North India, it is called as Govardhan Puja. This pooja is performed with great zeal and enthusiasm and in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In this pooja, there is a tradition of building cow dung hillocks, which symbolize the Mount Govardhan, the mountain which was once lifted by Lord Krishna. After making such hillocks people decorate them with flowers and then worship them. They move in a circle all round the cow dung hillocks and offer prayers to Lord Govardhan. Read on this article to explore more about the Govardhan Puja.

Govardhan Puja Legends
'Govardhan' is a small hillock situated at 'Braj', near Mathura. The legends in 'Vishnu Puraan' have it that the people of Gokul used to worship and offer prayer to Lord Indra for the rains because they believed that it was he who sent rains for their welfare but Lord Krishna told them that it was Mount Govardhan (Govardhan Paevat) and not Lord Indra who caused rains therefore they should worship the former and not the latter. People did the same and it made Lord Indra so furious that the people of Gokul had to face very heavy rains as a result of his anger. Then Lord Krishna came forward to ensure their security and after performing worship and offering prayers to Mount Govardhan lifted it as an umbrella on the little finger of his right hand so that everyone could take shelter under it. After this event Lord Krishna was also known as Giridhari or Govardhandhari.

Govardhan Pooja Celebrations

Anna-Koot
The fourth day of diwali celebrations is also observed as Anna-Koot, which literally means 'mountain of food'. On this auspicious day the people prepare fifty-six or one hundred and eight different varieties of delicious dishes to offer Lord Krishna as 'Bhog'. In the temples, specifically in Mathura and Nathdwara, the deities are given milk bath, dressed in new shining attires and decorated with ornaments of dazzling diamonds, pearls, rubies and other precious stones and metals. Then they are worshipped, offered prayers and bhajans and also offered delicious sweets, fruits and eatables that are ceremoniously raised in the form of a mountain before the idols.

Padwa
The fourth day of diwali celebrations or the day following the 'Amavasya' is 'Kartik Shuddh Padwa', which is also the day when the King Bali would come out of the 'Patal Lok', the nether land and rule the 'Bhoo Lok', the world as per the boon given to him by 'Batu Waman', Lord Vishnu. Therefore this day is also known as 'Bali Padyami'. 'Padwa' or 'Varshapratipada' also marks the coronation of King Vikramaditya as 'Vikaram-Samvat' was started from this Padwa day.

Gudi Padwa
The day of Gudi Padwa has special significance for the Hindu families. There is a custom in which on this holy day the wife applies the 'Tilak' on the forehead of her husband, garlands him, performs his 'Aarti' and also prays for his long life. Then the husband gives her a gift in appreciation of all the tender care that his wife showers on him. Thus the Gudi Padwa is festival of celebrations and respect of love and devotion between the wife and the husband. People invite their newly married daughters with their husbands on this day of Gudi Padwa for special meals and give them gifts.

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Bhai Duj

Diwali, the vibrant festival of lights, brings with it a chance to revive relationships. The fifth day of the five-day festival is especially dedicated to honor the unique bond between brother and sister. Known as Bhai Dooj or Bhaiya Duj, it falls on the second day after Diwali, that is, on 'Shukla Paksha Dwitiya' in the Hindi month of 'Kartik'. Thus, Bhayya Duj is the festival that marks the end of Diwali celebrations. This festival is popular in different regions with different names, such as 'Bhai-Dooj' in north India, 'Bhav-Bij' in Maharashtra, 'Bhai-Phota' in Bengal and 'Bhai-Teeka' in Nepal. Read on to know more about Bhai Duj.

The Legends
Like the other four days of Diwali, Bhai Duj finds its roots in mythology. According to the legends, Lord Yamraj, the God of Death, visited his sister Yamuna on the 'Shukla Paksha Dwitiya' day in the Hindi month of 'Kartik'. He was given a hearty welcome by his sister, when he visited her home. On his arrival, she performed aarti, applied tilak on his forehead and adorned his neck with a beautiful garland. She cooked delicious dishes and prepared sweets for him. Touched by her heartfelt welcome, Yamraj bestowed presents upon her and showered blessings on her. He gave her a boon that every time a brother visits his sister on this day, he would be prospered with health and wealth. This is why Bhayya Duj is also known as 'Yam-Dwitiya'.

One more story is associated with the celebrations of Bhai Duj. According to the story, after Bhagwaan Mahavir attained 'Nirvana', his brother Raja Nandi-Vardhan became very sad. He missed Bhagwaan Mahavir very badly. At that moment, his sister Sudarshana comforted him. Since then, the women have been revered during this festival, by their brothers. Therefore, Bhai Duj is not only significant for the people following Hinduism, but also important for the Buddhists of India. By celebrating Bhai Duj, they put an end to the celebration of the Nirvana of Lord Mahavir.

Bhaiya Duj Celebrations
On the auspicious day of Bhaiya-Dooj, brothers and sisters get up early in the morning and get ready for the day. On the arrival of their brothers, the sisters perform 'aarti' (of their brothers) and apply a beautiful 'Tilak' or 'Teeka' on their forehead. The sisters they sweeten the mouth of their brother, with mouth-watering eatables, such as ladoo. Thereafter, the brothers and sisters exchange gifts with each other. On the auspicious day of 'Yam-Dwitiya', the people of 'Kayastha' community of Hindus celebrate the holy function of worshipping Lord Chitragupta, the God who maintains the records of life and death of the living beings. The 'Kayastha' community also worships the pen, paper and ink on this day, in the honor of Lord Chitragupta.

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Diwali Milan

Diwali, the festival of lights and firecrackers, is a perfect occasion to revive personal relationships and social ties. Indians all over the world celebrate this festival with great enthusiasm. The festivities associated with this festival encourage people to socialize and interact with each other. Such reunions are popularly called 'Diwali Milan'. The series of ceremonious occasions that Diwali brings with itself gives an opportunity to the people to pay visits to their relatives, friends, neighbors and business associates and exchange sweets and gifts with them. Go through the following lines to know more about Diwali Milan.

Diwali Milan is a significant affair, as it is the time when younger people express respect to the elder one and the latter shower blessings upon the former. A special friendly and pleasant atmosphere is created all around, where every one is busy greeting, wishing and exchanging gifts with one another. The 'Grihalakshmi' (leading woman of a family) prepares lots of snacks and sweets at home, especially for serving on Diwali Milan gatherings. The women share these snacks and sweets with their guests as well as their families. Thus, people cherish the sweet memories of this festival by sweetening each other's mouth with mouthwatering variety of eatables.

Till some time back, Diwali Milan was just the formal affair of paying a visit to the acquaintances' home and exchange gifts and sweets with them. As the time has changed and so has the trend, Diwali Milan has now taken the shape of a party, rather than just being a family get together. Enthralling parties are arranged by people, just a weekend before the festival, a few days prior to it or on the day itself (in some cases). Party halls are booked several days before the event. On the other extent, if it is a traditional family get together, then the host(s) would arrange a lavish dinner for the guests.

If you are planning to arrange a Diwali Milan for your close friends, relatives and business associates, then consider spending for the occasion wisely. In case you are planning to organize a lunch or dinner, then plan it beforehand. Be sure to select the food and beverages according to the general taste and preferences of the guests. Include one or two varieties of sweets in your menu. You may arrange some Diwali party games for the guests. Since Diwali is known for the game of playing cards, you may arrange it on the occasion, but be sure not to involve the bet of money in the game. At the end of the get together/party, you may present favors to your guests, such as, dinner set, table cloth, timepiece, photo frame, gift baskets, sweets etc.

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Diwali Around The World

Diwali is celebrated in almost all the regions of India. Apart from India, the festival is celebrated worldwide. It has become synonymous with the culture and celebrations of India. People in different parts of the world celebrate Diwali with zeal and enthusiasm. They consider the festival as the one that signifies the victory of good over the evil. It is believed that the evil spirits are destroyed into ashes by the fireworks. On the occasion, there are jubilations and feasts all around. The Hindus in Guyana, Fiji, Mauritius, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Japan, Thailand, Srilanka, Trinidad and Tobago as well as Britain, Indonesia, Singapore, Africa, Australia and even Southern America are known to celebrate Diwali. In the following lines, we have given information on worldwide Deepavali celebrations.

Diwali Celebrations Around The World

Diwali In India
Diwali is a five-day extravaganza in India. Diwali celebrations in India is marked by multi-colored display of Rangoli designs at the entranceway of residents, special pooja ceremonies, lines of colorful and sparkling lights and earthen lamps (diyas), exchange of sweets and gifts, fireworks and lots of shopping. Every home in the country shines with the glow of the dazzling lights and candles that are lit to welcome Goddess Lakshmi on Diwali.

Diwali In UK
In Britain, people indulge themselves in spring-cleaning their home. They wear new clothes and decorate their homes with fancy lights. The British city of Leicester is notable for the Diwali extravaganza. The official switch-on ceremony is the highlight of Diwali celebrations in Leicester. Thousands of people witness the ceremony.

Diwali In USA
Diwali celebrations in USA are akin to that witnessed in India. In USA, houses are decorated with earthen lamps. Spectacular display of sparkling electronic lights is the highlight of the celebrations. Colorful rangoli are also displayed. People in USA gather in the evenings, at a community hall nearby, where cultural events are organized. Fire crackers are burst and Diwali sweets and snacks are distributed among the family and friends.

Diwali In Australia
Diwali in Australia is marked by magnificent display of fireworks. The population of Australia, with Indian origin, celebrates the festival with much pomp and gaiety. Indians living in Australia use the opportunity to showcase their unity in diversity and the rich cultural heritage of India. They illuminate their homes with colorful lights and diyas.

Diwali In Mauritius
About 63% population in Mauritius has Indian origins and 80% of them are Hindus. Therefore, the celebration of Hindu festivals is a common sight in Mauritius. Diwali is celebrated to commemorate the return of Lord Rama, after 14 years of exile. Much like India, earthen lamps are lit in rows, in Mauritius. Goddess Lakshmi is worshipped and crackers are burst to ward off the evil spirits

Diwali In Nepal
In Nepal, Diwali is known as 'Tihar' and celebrated for five days, in October/November. On the first day, cows are worshipped and given offerings. On the second day, dogs are revered and offered special food. On the third day, Diwali celebrations in Nepal are similar to that in India, with lights, lamps and social activities. On the fourth day Yama, the Lord of Death, is worshipped and appeased. On the fifth and final day, brothers and sisters meet and exchange gifts.

Diwali In Malaysia
Diwali is celebrated in most parts of Malaysia, except in the regions of Sarawak and Federal Territory of Labuan. Nearly 8% of the population of Malaysia comprises of Hindus, who celebrate 'Hari Diwali' that symbolizes the triumph of good over evil. Malaysian people start their Diwali celebrations with the traditional oil bath, visit the temples and offer prayers. Small earthen lamps with coconut oil are lit to commemorate the victory of Lord Rama over the demon-king Ravana.

Diwali In Indonesia
Although majority of the Indonesian population follows Islam - Hindus constitute only 2% of the population - Diwali is celebrated with much pomp and gaiety. The island of Bali is famous for Diwali celebrations, as majority of the Indians are concentrated there. They celebrate the festival by following rituals that are native to India. The celebrations in the country are similar to that of India.

Diwali In Trinidad
Diwali celebrations in Trinidad are marked by the colorful display of fireworks. Since 1966, the festival is celebrated for nine days and culminated with a national holiday. Indian classical music performances, Hindu devotional song renditions, dance shows are organized during the festival. People clad themselves in ethnic Indian attire, to take part in the merrymaking.

Diwali In Singapore
Serangoon Road in Singapore is famous for Diwali celebrations. This is the place where maximum people of Indian origin reside. During Diwali, the streets in Singapore are filled with families, who are busy shopping for the festival. The archways are decorated with flowers and garlands. Diyas are also lit. People visit Hindu temples in Singapore to offer prayers.

Diwali In Fiji
The people belonging to the Indo Fijian community decorate their homes with flashing lights. Apart from Hindus in the island nation, non-Hindus also take part in the festivities. Crackers are burst by children, who take part in various extracurricular activities held in their schools. Exchange of sweets and fireworks are part of the merrymaking. The diyas, candles and electric lights are lit in the evening. The celebrations are culminated by feasting.

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Diwali Aarti

Aartis are the special prayers that are sung to please the God. Through these prayers, we admire and appraise the Almighty and pray to bestow blessings upon us. In India, songs are sung in melodious tunes during the performance of aarti, which marks the culmination of any puja, jaagran or keertan. It is believed that these aartis please the Lord in the most convincing way. 'Bhajans' are also sung during the worship rituals. Singing devotional songs at the time of aarti creates a divine environment and fills everyone's heart with spiritualism.

Songs, either the traditional or the new ones, are sung at the time of aarti during Lakshmi Puja, Ganesha Puja and Kali Puja on Diwali. Either the devotees present in the puja sing the songs, or professional singers are called upon for the purpose. While bhajans are sung all through the kirtans, certain songs are especially sung during the performance of aarti. The tune of the very popular song 'Om Jai Jagdish Hare' is in wide use for a number of aarti songs.

Jaya Aadya Shakti Ma Aarti
Puja is an important ritual in Hindu culture. It marks the beginning as well as the culmination of many customs. Pooja finds prominence in various Hindu festivals, such as Durga Pooja, Diwali, Dussehra etc. The ritual is regarded as the most convincing way to invoke a deity and seek his/her blessings. This is the reason why special arrangements are made for a pooja, so that the proceedings are carried on smoothly.

Maa Lakshmi Aarti
In order to please the Goddess of Wealth, Lakshmi puja is conducted on the third (main) day of the five-day festival, Diwali. On the day, people clean their home and premises, illuminate the place with earthen lamps (diya) and electric lights. In the evening, they offer prayers to Goddess Lakshmi and pray for good health and prosperity. During the puja, some like singing bhajans, while others chant mantras.

Om Jaya Jagadeesha Hare
One of the most popular Hindi aartis, 'Om Jai Jagadish Hare' is sung almost in every puja. The song was originally composed by Pandit Shardha Ram Phillauri in Punjab, in 1870s. Hindus of all background are well acquainted with the tune of the song, which is used in many other Hindi aarti songs that have similar lyrics. According to the historical records, 'Om Jaya Jagadisha Hare' was inspired by Dashavatara section of Gita Govinda of Jayadeva, a lyrical composition that dates back to the 12th century, which has the same refrain.

Ganesh Aarti
Lord Ganesha, the elephant-deity, is one of the most worshipped Hindu idols. He is regarded as the God, who banishes all the obstacles, when worshipped with utmost sincerity and devotion. Known by as many as 108 names, Lord Ganesha is worshipped in innumerable temples that are especially dedicated to him. In fact, Ganesh Puja is performed before worshiping any other deity. After the puja is performed, aarti is done, which marks the culmination of the ritual.

Shri Ram Aarti
It is hard to see a Hindu, who doesn't have adoration for Lord Rama. Lord Rama is regarded as the epitome of humankind. Lord Rama is considered as the perfect husband, ideal son and adored father. According to the Hindu epic 'Ramayana', Lord Rama was born in the human form in the Tretha Yug, as the seventh incarnation of Lord Maha Vishnu. Lord Rama is worshipped with sincerity by his devotees. Temples dedicated to the deity conduct special pujas during occasions like Dussehra and Rama Navami.

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Jaya Aadya Shakti Ma Aarti

Puja is an important ritual in Hindu culture. It marks the beginning as well as the culmination of many customs. Pooja finds prominence in various Hindu festivals, such as Durga Pooja, Diwali, Dussehra etc. The ritual is regarded as the most convincing way to invoke a deity and seek his/her blessings. This is the reason why special arrangements are made for a pooja, so that the proceedings are carried on smoothly. Taking about the proceedings, aarti is an important part of pooja. Arti is performed at the end of every puja. When the aarti is done, the devotees would sing an aarti song, especially dedicated to the diety. In this article, we have given Jaya Aadya Shakti Ma aarti, sung in praise of Ma Shakti.

Jai Aadya Shakti Ma Arti

Jaya aadya shakti, ma jaya aadya shakti
Akhand brhamand dipavya, panave pragatya ma
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Dwitiya mehsarup shivshakti janu, ma shivshakti janu
Brahma ganapti gaye, brahma ganapti gaye
Hardayi har ma
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Trutiya tran sarup tribhuvan ma betha, ma tribhuvan ma betha
Daya thaki karveli, daya thaki karveli
Utarvenima
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Chouthe chatura malaxmi ma, sachrachal vyapya
Char bhuja cho disha, char bhuja cho disha
Pragtya dakshin ma
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Panchame panchrushi panchami gunpadma, ma panchami gunpadma
Panchtatv tya soshiye, panchtatv tya soshiye
Panchetatvo ma
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Shashthi tu narayani mahishasur maryo, ma mahishasur maryo
Narnari na rupe, narnari na rupe
Vyapaya saghale ma
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Saptami sapt patal sandhya savitri, ma sandhya savitri
Gau ganga gayatri, gau ganga gayatri
Gauri geeta ma
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Ashthmi ashtha bhujao ayi ananda, ma ayi ananda
Sunivar munivar janamya, sunivar munivar janamya
Dev daityoma
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Navmi navkul nag seve navadurga, ma seve navadurga
Navratri na pujan, shivratri na archan
Kidha har brahma
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Dashmi dash avtaar jay vijyalaxmi, ma jay vijyalaxmi
Rame ravan marya, rame ravan marya
Ravan maryo ma
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Ekadashi agiyar tatyanikama, ma tatyanikama
Kaldurga kalika, kaldurga kalika
Shama ne vama
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Barase kala rup bahuchar amba ma, ma bahuchar amba ma
Asur bhairav souie, kal bhairav soiye
Tara chhe tuj ma
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Terase tulja rup tu tarunimata, ma tu tarunimata
Brahma vishnu sadashiv, brahma vishnu sadashiv
Gun tara gata
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

Shivbhakti ni aarati je koi gaye, ma je koi gaye
Bhane shivannad swami, bhane shivannad swami
Sukh sampati pashe,
Har kaileshe jashe
Ma amba dukh harashe
Om jayo jayo ma jagdambe

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Maa Lakshmi Aarti Song

In order to please the Goddess of Wealth, Lakshmi puja is conducted on the third (main) day of the five-day festival, Diwali. On the day, people clean their home and premises, illuminate the place with earthen lamps (diya) and electric lights. In the evening, they offer prayers to Goddess Lakshmi and pray for good health and prosperity. During the puja, some like singing bhajans, while others chant mantras. The puja is culminated by aarti, which is accompanied by a song.

Maa Lakshmi Aarti

Jai lakshmi maataa, maiyaa jai lakshmi maataa
Tumko nishadin dhyaavata, hara vishnu vidhaataa
Brahmaani, rudraani, kamlaa, tu hi hai jaga maataa
Surya chandramaa dhyaavata, naarada rishi gaataa
Durgaa rupaa nirantara, sukha sampati daataa
Jo koi tumko dhyaavata, riddhi siddhi dhana paataa
Tu hi hai paatala basanti, tu hi shubha daataa
Karma prabhaava prakaashaka, jaganidhi ke traataa
Jis ghara mein tum rahati, saba sadaguna aataa
Kara sake koii kara le, mana nahin ghabaraataa
Tuma bina yagya na hove, vastra na koii paataa
Khaana paana ka vaibhava, sab tumse hi aataa
Shubha guna mandira sundara, kshirodadhi jaataa
Ratana chaturdasha tuma hi, koii nahin paataa
Aartii lakshmii ji ki, jo koii nar gaataa
Ura aananda umanga ati, paap utar jaataa

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Om Jai Jagadish Hare Aarti

One of the most popular Hindi aartis, 'Om Jai Jagadish Hare' is sung almost in every puja. The song was originally composed by Pandit Shardha Ram Phillauri in Punjab, in 1870s. Hindus of all background are well acquainted with the tune of the song, which is used in many other Hindi aarti songs that have similar lyrics. According to the historical records, 'Om Jaya Jagadisha Hare' was inspired by Dashavatara section of Gita Govinda of Jayadeva, a lyrical composition that dates back to the 12th century, which has the same refrain. 'Om Jai Jagadish Hare' is sung by the entire congregation of devotees, although they might not know the full lyrics of the song.

Om Jaya Jagadisha Hare Arti

Om Jai Jagadish Hare
Swami Jaya Jagadish Hare
Bhakta janon ke sankat

Bhakta janon ke sankat Kshan me door kar
Om Jai Jagadish Hare

Jo dhyave phal paave
Dhukh vinashe man ka
Swami dhukh vinashe man ka
Sukha sampati Ghar aave
Sukha sampati Ghar aave
Kashht mite tan ka
Om Jai Jagadish Hare

Mata pita tum mere
Sharan padun mai kis ki
Swami sharan padum mai kis ki
Tum bina aur na doojaa
Tum bina aur na doojaa
Asha karun mai kis ki
Om Jai Jagadish Hare

Tum pooran Paramatma
Tum Antaryaami
Swami Tum Antaryaami
Para brahma Parameshwara
Para brahma Parameshwara
Tum sab ke Swami
Om Jai Jagadish Hare

Tum karuna ke saagar
Tum palan karta
Swami Tum palan karta
Mai sevak tum swaami
Mai sevak tum swaami
Kripa karo bhartaa
Om Jai Jagadish Hare

Tum ho ek agochar
Sab ke prana pati
Swami sab ke prana pati
Kis vidhi miloon dayamaya
Kisi vidhi miloon dayamaya
Tum ko mai kumati
Om Jai Jagadish Hare

Deena bandhu dukh hartaa
Tum rakshak mere
Swami tum rakshak mere
Apane hast uthao
Apane hast uthao
Dwar khada mai tere
Om Jai Jagadish Hare

Vishaya vikar mithao
Paap haro deva
Swami paap haro deva
Shraddha bhakti badhao
Shraddha bhakti badhao
Santan ki seva
Om Jai Jagadish Hare

Tan man dhan sab kuch hai tera
Swami sab kuch hai tera
Tera tujh ko arpan
Tera tujh ko arpan
Kya laage mera
Om Jai Jagadish Hare

Om Jai Jagadish Hare
Swami Jai Jagadish Hare
Bhakta janon ke sankat
Bhakta janon ke sankat
Kshan me door kare
Om Jai Jagadish Hare

[MysteRy]

Durga Puja Customs

Durga Puja is celebrated with pomp and geity in West Bengal and among the Bengalis all around the world. People enjoy all the ten days of the festival with a lot of fun and religious observance. In fact, Durga Puja is the most important festival for Bengalis. Kolkata, the capital city of West Bengal, immerses itself in a week of amazing festivity. Pooja pandals (big tents) are set up in almost every street of the city. The seventh, eighth, ninth and the tenth day of the ten-day festival are prominent, when the important rituals of the occasion are conducted.

Rituals & Customs Of Durga Pooja

Maha Shashti
According to the mythology, Goddess Durga arrives to the mortal world from her heavenly adobe, with her children. Her arrival on earth is welcomed by the devotees with much fanfare, amidst the beats of dholak. The main ritual carried on this day is the unveiling of the face of the idol of Goddess Durga. The rituals of Bodhon, Amontron and Adibas are performed before the commencement of the puja.

Maha Saptami
With the first rays of the sun on Maha Saptami (the seventh day), a tree is dressed as the Goddess Durga herself in yellow silk cloth with a red border. The tree deemed to be the Goddess then becomes the spotlight attraction for the rest of the festival. The priest carries the tree in a grand procession to the Durga Puja pandal (big tent) accompanied by the drummers to welcome the Goddess. A platform is set up with an idol of Lord Ganesha already seated there.

The tree-goddess is then installed beside the God of good fortune and then worshipped. The Kola Bow or Nabapatrika receives a holy bath, which is performed well before the dawn, on saptami. In this ritual, nine types of plants are worshipped as a symbol of Goddess Durga. Kalparambho and Mahasnan are preceded by the mahasaptami puja.

Maha Ashtami
The next day or Ashtami was traditionally the buffalo sacrifice day to commemorate the victory of the Goddess over the buffalo-demon Mahishasura. However, there are no more sacrifices on the day, except for a few incidents that may occur at the orthodox villages in the remotest areas but the Indian government and the modern wave of animal love and compassion discourage them too.

The devotees of Goddess Durga start the celebrations of Maha Ashtami with the recital of Sanskrit hymns in community puja pandals. They offer anjali to the deity. The worship of little girls, called 'kumari puja, is the main attraction of the day. In the evening, Sandhi puja is conducted, which marks the inter-linking of the Maha Ashtami with Maha Navami.

Maha Navami
Maha Navami, the ninth day, is the main day of Durga Puja. The day begins after the end of Sandhi puja. 'Maha Arti' that is considered a formal end of religious customs. Merriment, music and dance fill the rest of the day. On Maha Navami, the navami bhog is offered to the deity. This food takes the shape of Prasad, which is partaken by the devotees.

Dashami
Dashami is the last day of Durga Puja, when a tearful farewell is offered to the deity. This process is called Visarjan, wherein a grand send-off is arranged by the devotees. The idol of Goddess Durga, amidst a long procession of devotees, is brought to the nearest river or lake, to immerse it. This event is also called Vijaya Dashami.

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Maa Durga Aarti

Durga means the one who is difficult to reach. Devi Durga in the Hindu religion is the name of the Goddess who is the reincarnation of ‘Shakti’. She is also known by many other names like Parvati, Ambika or Santoshi Mata. Destroyer of demons and demolisher of evil, she is worshipped during the ten days long festival of Durga puja. During this festival, people all over the country celebrate the pooja through community efforts. Idols of Maa Durga are established at temporary temples and a grand pooja is organized. Even in the temples, special Pooja is performed during the Navratras. Three times a day, the aarti of Maa Durga is performed along with bhajans and bhog. In the lines below, we have provided the lyrics for Maa Durga’s aarti song. You may sing the song to the tune of 'Om Jai Jagadish Hare'.

Maa Durga Aarti

Jai Ambe Gauri maiya, jaa Shyama Gauri
Nishdin tumko dhyavat, Hari Brahma Shivji,
Jai Ambe....
Mang sindur birajat, tiko mrigmadko,
ujjvalse dou naina, chandravadan niko,
Jai Ambe....
Kanak saman kalevar, raktambar raje,
Raktapushp galmala, kanthhar saje,
Jai Ambe.... Kehari vahan rajat, khadg khappar dhari
sur nar munijan sevat, tinke dukhahari,
Jai Ambe....
Kanan kundal shobhit, nasagre moti
Kotik chandra divakar, samrajat jyoti,
Jai Ambe....
Shumbh- nishumbh vidare, MahishaSur ghatia
Dhumra-vilochan naina, nishdin madmati
Jai Ambe....
Brahmani, Rudrani tum Kamala Rani,
Agam-nigam bakhani. turn Shiv patrani,
Jai Ambe....
Chaunsath yogini gavat, nritya karat Bhairon,
Bajat tab mridanga, aur bajat damru,
Jai Ambe...
Tum ho jag ki mata, tum hi ho bharta,
Bhaktan ki dukh harta, sukh sampati karta,
Jai Ambe....
Bhuja char ati shobhit, var mudra dhari,
Manvanchhit phal pavat, sevat nar nari,
Jai Ambe....
kanchan thal virajat, agaru kapur bati
Malketu men rajat, kotiratan jyoti,
Jai Ambe....

[MysteRy]

History of Durga Puja

Durga Puja also known as Durgotsab is an annual Hindu festival which celebrates worship of the Hindu goddess of power, Durga or Shakti. It is a nine days affair in which last six days are observed with complex rituals and intricate ceremonies as Mahalaya, Shashthi, Maha Saptami, Maha Ashtami, Maha Nabami and Bijoya Dashami. The dates of Durga Puja celebrations are decided according to traditional Hindu calendar and generally fall between the months of September to November according to the Gregorian calendar. It is extensively celebrated in the Northern and Eastern states of India- West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and Tripura. Apart from these places states like Delhi, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Kashmir, Karnataka and Kerala also enthusiastically participate in the festival.

Durga Pooja has always been an integral part of the Hindu culture. However, the origin of public celebrations of grand Durga Puja can be traced back to the 16th century. With the ascent of the Mughals, Durga Puja became more of a status symbol in those days. Grand celebrations, gala feasts and huge fan fare was part of the very first 'Sharadiya Durgotsab' festivals organized by Raja Kangshanarayan of Taherpur and Bhabananda Mazumdar of Nadiya in 1606. Annual festival of Durga Puja soon became the most celebrated festival and as a day for merriment with friends, relatives, neighbors and acquaintances. Opulence and extravagance became an inseparable part among the powerful and rich Bengalis. However, there were people who celebrated Durga Puja on their household level in a traditional manner, which were characterized by much more devotion and sentiments attached to the festival than the mere show off of the richer and more prosperous people.

Some of the households have been holding these celebrations for more than 250 years now and take pride in the fact of how old is their traditional worshipping set up. With time many cultural performances and shows became attached to Durga Puja for entertainment and religious purposes such as colorful procession known as 'Jatra', puppet dance, Kobi gaan (a type of songs), Kirtan or devotional songs and magic shows that are the favorites of the children and adults alike. Earlier, animal and even human sacrifices were very common on the eighth day of the festival but eventually; this tradition has now become obsolete. There was an additional custom of 'Baroyari' meaning a group of twelve friends that originated in 1790 in Guptipara in Hoogly in Bengal. It is also known as 'Sarbojanin puja'. Today, it has reached the masses of West Bengal and we can witness innumerable small-scale and grand-scale community pujas, flooded with funds with huge pandals and affluent décor. However, some people also believe that this lavishness mars the sanctity of the festival.

[MysteRy]

Durga Puja Pandals

Durga Pooja is a ten days long festival celebrated with great pomp and show in Northern and Eastern part of India. The preparation for this pooja and celebrations begins days before the festival. Generally, the Durga Pooja is done on a community level and the idols and pandals (tents) for the Pooja are arranged by the pooja management committee of the area. Mesmerizing idols of the Goddess adorn the pandal. The ambience of the pandal is also taken care of and given a very religious and sanctified look. The idol of the goddess is set over a higher platform and sitting arrangements for the priest as well as devotees are done near the platform. Pooja is performed in these temporary pandals for ten days and after the immersion of idol in a sacred water body, the pandals are properly cleaned and removed. Read on if you are interested in exploring the idol and pandal making activity of Durga Pooja in detail.

Durga Puja Pandal Making
Pandals are like a temporary temple during the Pooja. The making of Pandal is also a complex and lengthy phenomenon. It has now become a trend to set pandals through community contribution in every colony and street. The trends of ‘Barwari Puja’ usually financed by the local land-owners or sponsored by the rich people have now become a feature of community contribution. Making of these pandals follow well-set plans that use bamboo poles, wooden planks and cloth. The designs of the Pandal are done in accordance with space available and the community’s population. It has now become a trend to set designer pandals with complex lightings and intricate patterns. Decorated by lights, flowers and several such items, the modern pandals at many places also look like film sets.

Idols in Durga Puja Pandals
Idols of West Bengal are the most mesmerizing and wonderful idols all over the country. They are famous for the skilled and traditional way in which they are created. The basic rule to be followed is that every thing to be used should come from a sacred water body. The clay artisans work hard for several months to create the wonderful idols and images of Goddess Durga at the festival time. The bamboo sticks are used to make the internal structure of the idol and provide it a basic shape. Then the structure is made using straw and jute ropes and strings to keep it in place.

This is a very lengthy process that requires diligence as well as skill. It requires patience to touch the ultimate perfection in idol making. These artisans are grouped for different functions because the creation of idol by a single artist would become an extremely tiring and lengthy phenomenon. So, some of them get engage in making the skeleton from bamboo and straw while the other group mixes clay and applies it. The most skilled of workers make the head, palms and feet of the idol. The application of clay is done in three steps.

The first step, clay coat solution is made in way that it has high percentage of water to fill the crevices of the idol's straw structure. The second layer needs caution, as it is responsible for the fine finishing of the idol. Here, the clay has to be very smooth and sans any impurities. Palms, head and feet are attached to the idol at the second stage of clay application. The third stage is the stage of application of thin coat of clay, applied by using pieces of cloth, to strengthen idol and fill up any cracks that may have develop after drying. The statue is finally painted with the white base earth color and then yellow color. The last earth color is that of red blood. At last, the features like eyes and nose are given detailing, by using color. The image is then dressed and ornamented with jewels.

[MysteRy]

Durga Puja Origin

Durga Puja finds its origin in the Hindu mythology. Goddess Durga is regarded as the deity of power. She entered the earth with the aim to kill the demon Mahishasura, who set out to conquer the world with his tyranny and invincible power. Due to her victory over him, Goddess Durga is sometimes referred to as Mahishasura Mardini (the Goddess who killed Mahishasura). Durga Pooja is celebrated to commemorate the victory of good over the evil. The festival attracts many visitors all over India and foreign tourists to West Bengal, where it is celebrated with much fanfare and fervor. All through the ten days, the streets in West Bengal are busy in the celebrations of the pooja. Read on to know about the story of Goddess Durga.

Story of Durga Pooja

The Emergence of Goddess Durga
In the Hindu mythology, Goddess Durga is personified as a beautiful warrior, seated upon a lion. According to the legends, Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva summoned Goddess Durga, an avatar of Ma Shakti, to save the Devalok and living beings on earth from the tyranny of the monster-demon Mahishasura, as neither of the three could acquire triumph over the demon. Subsequently, Goddess Durga, with the weapons provided to her by the Gods of the Devalok, took over the talk of vanquishing Mahishasura and destroying his invincible strength that was acquired by terrific austerity.

Triumph Over Mahishasura
The aim of her miraculous arrival on earth was to kill the monster-demon Mahishasura. After fighting hard, Goddess Durga killed the ferocious Mahishasura and restored the heaven to the Gods, which was previously acquired by him. Since then, Ma Durga is invoked for protection from the powers of evil. The triumph of Goddess Durga over Mahishasura symbolized the victory of good over the evil. Durga Puja is observed for her victory. Ma Durga has been worshiped from about 400 AC, or probably earlier than that, to the present time. She is the deity of power.

Durga Puja Legend
Ma Durga has been mentioned in one of Hinduism's greatest epics - Ramayana. According to the epic Ramayana, Lord Rama performed Chandi pooja to seek the blessings of powerful Goddess Durga. In order to worship Goddess Durga, Lord Rama needed 108 blue lotus flowers. However, he could manage only with 107. To attain the magical number, he decided to offer one of his eyes, which was lotus-shaped and blue in color, at the Goddess's feet. During the time, Goddess Durga appeared and satisfied with his devotion, blessed him. After receiving the blessings of Goddess Durga, Lord Rama fought hard and acquired victory over Ravana. It is believed that the blessings of Goddess Durga helped Lord Rama to kill Ravana, rescue his wife and return to Ayodhya.

[MysteRy]

108 Names of Maa Durga

Goddess Durga is the personification of the divine force of the super power. The Durga means ‘the invincible’, so the Durga is regarded as the ever victorious warrior of the Gods lineage. Durga is the representation of courage, strength, ethics and protection. She is the destroyer of sin and evil and the savior of morality and ethics. Goddess Durga is a form of Divine Power, the Shakti. Durga is the confluence of the power, beauty and intelligence of Maha lakshmi, Maha Saraswati and Maha Kali. So, Durga is regarded as ‘the ultimate deity’. Regarded as the savior of needy and the destroyer of destructors, she is the mother of the entire universe as well as the slayer of evils. She is known by 108 different names according to quality she possesses. It is believed that Maa Durga gets pleased if, these names (Durga Shatnam Strotam) are chanted with devotion. Read on to know the 108 names of the Goddess along with their meaning.

Meaning Of 108 Durga Names

Sati - One who got burned alive

Saadhvi - The Sanguine

Bhavaprita - One who is loved by the universe

Bhavaani - The abode of the universe

Bhavamochani - The absolver of the universe

Aarya - Goddess

Durga - The Invincible

Jaya - The Victorious

Aadya - The Initial reality

Trinetra - One who has three-eyes

Shooldharini - One who holds a monodent

Pinaakadharini - One who holds the trident of Shiva

Chitra - The Picturesque

Chandaghanta - One who has mighty bells

Mahatapa - With severe penance

Manah - Mind

Buddhi - Intelligence

Ahankaara - One with Pride

Chittarupa - One who is in thought-state

Chita - Death-bed

Chiti - The thinking mind

Sarvamantramayi - One who possess all the instruments of thought

Satta - One who is above all

Satyanandasvarupini - Form of Eternal bliss

Ananta - One who is Infinite or beyond measure

Bhaavini - The Beautiful Woman

Bhaavya - Represents Future

Bhavya - With Magnificence

Abhavya - Improper or fear-causing

Sadagati - Always in motion, bestowing Moksha (salvation)

Shaambhavi - Consort of Shambhu

Devamata - Mother Goddess

Chinta - Tension

Ratnapriya - Adorned or loved by jewels

Sarvavidya - Knowledgeable

Dakshakanya - Daughter of Daksha

Dakshayajñavinaashini - Interrupter of the sacrifice of Daksha

Aparna - One who doesnt eat even leaves while fasting

Anekavarna - One who has many complexions

Paatala - Red in color

Paatalavati - Wearing red-color attire

Pattaambaraparidhaana - Wearing a dress made of leather

Kalamanjiiraranjini - Wearing a musical anklet

Ameyaa - One who is beyond measure

Vikrama - Violent

Krrooraa - Brutal (on demons)

Sundari - The Gorgeous

Sursundari - Extremely Beautiful

Vandurga - Goddess of forests

Maatangi - Goddess of Matanga

Matangamunipujita - Worshipped by Sage Matanga

Braahmi - Power of God Brahma

Maaheshvari - Power of Lord Mahesha (Shiva)

Aeindri - Power of God Indra

Kaumaari - The adolescent

Vaishnavi - The invincible

Chaamunda - Slayer of Chanda and Munda(demons)

Vaarahi - One who rides on Varaah

Lakshmi - Goddess of Wealth

Purushaakriti - One who takes the form of a man

Vimalauttkarshini - One who provides joy

Gyaana - Full of Knowledge

Kriya - Nitya- The eternal one

Buddhida - The bestower of wisdom

Bahula - One who is in various forms

Bahulaprema - One who is loved by all

Sarvavahanavahana - One who rides all vehicles

NishumbhaShumbhaHanani - Slayer of the demon-brothers Shumbha Nishumbha

MahishasuraMardini - Slayer of the bull-demon Mahishaasura

MadhuKaitabhaHantri - Slayer of the demon-duo Madhu and Kaitabha

ChandaMundaVinashini - Destroyer of the ferocious asuras Chanda and Munda

Sarvasuravinasha - Destroyer of all demons

Sarvadaanavaghaatini - Possessing the power to kill all the demons

Sarvashaastramayi - One who is deft in all theories

Satya - The truth

Sarvaastradhaarini - Possessor of all the missile weapons

Anekashastrahasta - Possessor of many hand weapons

AnekastraDhaarini - Possessor of many missile weapons

Komaari - The beautiful adolescent

Ekakanya - The girl child

Kaishori - The adolescent

Yuvati - The Woman

Yati - Ascetic, one who renounces the world

Apraudha - One who never gets old

Praudha - One who is old

Vriddhamaata - The old mother (loosely)

Balaprada - The bestower of strength

Mahodari - One who has huge belly which stores the universe

Muktakesha - One who has open tresses

Ghorarupa - Having a fierce outlook

Mahaabala - Having immense strength

Agnijwaala - One who is poignant like fire

Raudramukhi - One who has a fierce face like destroyer Rudra

Kaalaratri - Goddess who is black like night

Tapasvini - one who is engaged in penance

Narayani - The destructive aspect of Lord Narayana (Brahma)

Bhadrakaali - Fierce form of Kali

Vishnumaya - Spell of Lord Vishnu

Jalodari - Abode of the ethereal universe

Shivadooti - Ambassador of Lord Shiva

Karaali - The Violent

Ananta - The Infinite

Parameshvari - The Ultimate Goddess

Katyayani - One who is worshipped by sage Katyanan

Savitri - Daughter of the Sun God Savitr

Pratyaksha - One who is real

Brahmavaadini - One who is present everywhere

[MysteRy]

Durga Bhajans

Durga Puja is celebrated with fun and fervor by Bengalis. All through the ten days of celebrations, people in West Bengal are busy in the merrymaking. They enjoy fasting and feasting with equal pleasure. Ma Durga, the deity of courage and strength, is worshipped for nine days and her idol is immersed at a nearby river or lake on the tenth (last) day of the festival. Bhajans are sung by the devotees at the puja pandal, all through the nine days. It is believed that Goddess Durga is provoked through bhajans, if they are sung with immense devotion. Given below are the lyrics of popular Goddess Durga Bhajans.

Ma Durga Bhajans

Aadi Divya Jyothi Mahaa Kaali Maa Namo
Devi Shakthi Mahaa Shakthi Kaali Maa Namo
Kaali Maa Namo, Sathya Sai Maa Namo
Shringa Shaila Vaasini Kaali Maa Namo
Sankata Haarini Mangala Kaarini Kaali Maa Namo
Kaali Maa Namo, Sathya Sai Maa Namo

Ambey Bhavani Maa Jai Ambey Gauri Sai Maatha
Kasht Nivaaro Maiyya Bhakth Janonke
Sankatahaarani Maa Jai Ambey Gauri Sai Maatha
Kasht Nivaaro Maiyya Bhakt Janonkey
Parthipuri Sai Maa Jai Ambey Gauri Sai Maatha
Prem Bhaav Sey Pooja Karey Theree

Shambhavi Shankari Namo Namo
Shanta Swaroopini Namo Namo
Sathya Sai Maheshwari Namo Namo
Namo Namo Namo Namo
Namo Namo Namo Namo

Naada Brahmamayee Sayeeshwari
Bhagavathi Maatha Kripa Saagari
Naada Brahmamayee Sayeeshwari
Varaahi Vaishnavi Vageeswari
Maathangi Mahaamaye Mookambikey
Parameshwari Hari Sodari
Bhava Bhaya Haarini Sathya Sayeeshwari

Dayaa Karo Dayaa Karo Dayaa Karo Maa
Rakshaa Karo Rakshaa Karo Sathya Sai Maa
Hey Maa Hey Maa
Dayaa Karo Krupaa Karo Sathya Sai Maa
Sathya Sai Maa Sathya Sai Maa

Durgati Nashini Durga Jai Jai
Kaala Vinashini Kaalini Jai Jai
Uma Rama Sarvaani Jai Jai
Seetha Radha Rukmini Jai Jai
Jai Jai Jai Hari Narayana Jai
Jai Jai Gopeejana Vallabha Jai Jai
Bhaktha Vatsala Sai Naathha Jai Jai

Durgey Durgey Durgey Jai Jai Maa
Karuna Saagari Maa
Kaali Kapaalini Maa
Jagadoddharini Maa
Jagadambey Jai Jai Maa

Dehi Sharanam Simha Vaahini
Dehi Sharanam Asura Vinaashini
Dehi Sharanam Bhava Bhaya Haarini
Dehi Sharanam Hari Naaraayani
Dehi Sharanam Brahma Sanaatani
Dehi Sharanam Sai Naaraayani

Devi Bhavaani Maa Sai Bhavaani Maa
Parthi Nivaasini Jaganmaata
Deena Dayaakari Parama Kripaakari (2)
Hey Jaga Vandini Maata
Mangala Kaarini Moksha Vidhaayini
Deena Samrakshini Maata