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The Biography Of Neil Armstrong(https://friendstamilchat.in/forum/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fimported%2Fimages%2FBiography%2FImages%2FProfiles%2FA%2FNeil-Armstrong-9188943-1-402.jpg&hash=06a5289f5a97755d7c7b1a5ed2868106fa83974f)
Neil Armstrong was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio, on August 5, 1930. After serving in the Korean War and then finishing college, he joined the organization that would become NASA. He joined the astronaut program in 1962 and was command pilot for his first mission, Gemini VIII, in 1966. He was spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, the first manned lunar mission, and the first man to walk on the moon. He died in 2012.
Military Service
Astronaut Neil Armstrong developed a fascination with flight at an early age and earned his student pilot's license when he was 16. In 1947, Armstrong began his studies in aeronautical engineering at Purdue University on a U.S. Navy scholarship.
His studies, however, were interrupted in 1949 when he was called to serve in the Korean War. A U.S. Navy pilot, Armstrong flew 78 combat missions during this military conflict. He left the service in 1952, and returned to college. A few years later, Armstrong joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which later became the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). For this government agency he worked in a number of different capacities, including serving as a test pilot and an engineer. He tested many high-speed aircraft, including the X-15, which could reach a top speed of 4,000 miles per hour.
Astronaut Program
In his personal life, Armstrong started to settle down. He married Janet Shearon on January 28, 1956. The couple soon added to their family. Son Eric arrived in 1957, followed daughter Karen in 1959. Sadly, Karen died of complications related to an inoperable brain tumor in January 1962. The following year, the Armstrongs welcomed their third child, son Mark.
That same year, Armstrong joined the astronaut program. He and his family moved to Houston, Texas, and Armstrong served as the command pilot for his first mission, Gemini VIII. He and fellow astronaut David Scott were launched into the earth's orbit on March 16, 1966. While in orbit, they were able to briefly dock their space capsule with the Gemini Agena target vehicle. This was the first time two vehicles had successfully docked in space. During this maneuver, however, they experienced some problems and had to cut their mission short. They landed in the Pacific Ocean nearly 11 hours after the mission's start, and were later rescued by the U.S.S. Mason.
Moon Landing
Armstrong faced an even bigger challenge in 1969. Along with Michael Collins and Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin, he was part of NASA's first manned mission to the moon. The trio were launched into space on July 16, 1969. Serving as the mission's commander, Armstrong piloted the Lunar Module to the moon's surface on July 20, 1969, with Buzz Aldrin aboard. Collins remained on the Command Module.
At 10:56 PM, Armstrong exited the Lunar Module. He said, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," as he made his famous first step on the moon. For about two and a half hours, Armstrong and Aldrin collected samples and conducted experiments. They also took photographs, including their own footprints.
Returning on July 24, 1969, the Apollo 11 craft came down in the Pacific Ocean west of Hawaii. The crew and the craft were picked up by the U.S.S. Hornet, and the three astronauts were put into quarantine for three weeks.
Before long, the three Apollo 11 astronauts were given a warm welcome home. Crowds lined the streets of New York City to cheer on the famous heroes who were honored in a ticker-tape parade. Armstrong received numerous awards for his efforts, including the Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.
Later Contributions
Armstrong remained with NASA, serving as deputy associate administrator for aeronautics until 1971. After leaving NASA, he joined the faculty of the University of Cincinnati as a professor of aerospace engineering. Armstrong remained at the university for eight years. Staying active in his field, he served as the chairman of Computing Technologies for Aviation, Inc., from 1982 to 1992.
Helping out at a difficult time, Armstrong served as vice chairman of the Presidential Commission on the space shuttle Challenger accident in 1986. The commission investigated the explosion of the Challenger on January 28, 1986, which took the lives of its crew, including school teacher Christa McAuliffe.
Death & Legacy
Despite being one of the most famous astronauts in history, Armstrong largely shied away from the public eye. He gave a rare interview to the news program 60 Minutes in 2006. He described the moon to interviewer Ed Bradley, saying "It's a brilliant surface in that sunlight. The horizon seems quite close to you because the curvature is so much more pronounced than here on earth. It's an interesting place to be. I recommend it." That same year, his authorized biography came out. First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong was written by James R. Hansen, who conducted interviews with Armstrong, his family, and his friends and associates.
Even in his final years, Armstrong remained committed to space exploration. The press-shy astronaut returned to the spotlight in 2010 to express his concerns over changes made to the U.S. space program. He testified in Congress against President Barack Obama's decision to cancel the Constellation program, which included another mission to the moon. Obama also sought to encourage private companies to get involved in the space travel business and to move forward with more unmanned space missions.
Taking this new decision, Armstrong said, would cost the United States its leadership position in space exploration. "America is respected for its contributions it has made in learning to sail on this new ocean. If the leadership we have acquired through our investment is simply allowed to fade away, other nations will surely step in where we have faltered. I do not believe that would be in our best interests," he told Congress, according to a report on NewsHour.
Armstrong underwent a heart bypass operation in August 2012. A few weeks later, on August 25, 2012, Neil Armstrong died of "complications resulting from cardiovascular procedures" at the age of 82. He is survived by his second wife Carol in Indian Hill, Ohio, and his two sons from his first marriage. He and his first wife divorced in 1994.
Shortly after his death, his family released a statement: "For those who may ask what they can do to honor Neil, we have a simple request. Honor his example of service, accomplishment and modesty, and the next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink."
News of Armstrong's death quickly spread around the world. President Obama was among those offering their condolences to his family and sharing their remembrances of the late space pioneer. "Neil was among the greatest of American heroes—not just of his time, but of all time," Obama said,
according to the Los Angeles Times. His Apollo 11 colleague Buzz Aldrin said that "I know I am joined by millions of others in mourning the passing of a true American hero and the best pilot I ever knew. My friend Neil took the small step but giant leap that changed the world and will forever be remembered as a landmark moment in human history," according to CBS News.
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The official NASA portrait of Neil Armstrong, commander of the Apollo 11 mission.
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Armstrong leads out his crew, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins, to the rocket on July 16 1969.
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The Saturn V rocket that launched the Apollo 11 mission blasts off at Cape Kennedy.
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The Apollo 11 crew: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin Eugene, or 'Buzz', Aldrin.
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Armstrong speaks to a technician during a suiting at the Kennedy Space Centre shortly before the moon mission.
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A long shot of the lift-off of Saturn V.
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Armstrong and Aldrin plant the US flag on the moon's surface. The flag 'is not to be construed as a declaration of national appropriation by claim of sovereignty', according to a law signed by Richard Nixon.
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A Parisian family watch as French TV shows Armstrong setting his foot on the moon on 21 July 1969.
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Armstrong in chipper mood on the return journey.
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The astronauts smile at their wives from their quarantine chamber after their return.
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A ticker tape parade in New York awaited the heroes on their return.
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Armstrong with his wife, Jan, and son Mark, then 10, in their home in Houston, Texas, a few months before the mission began.
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President Richard Nixon meets the astronauts and their wives on 15 August 1969.
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One of the defining images of the Apollo 11 mission: a photo of Aldrin by Armstrong, visible in the reflection of Aldrin's helmet.
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Portrait of Armstrong in 1959, 10 years prior to the journey that would immortalise him.
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On March 11, 1966, astronaut Neil Armstrong, command pilot of the Gemini 8 prime crew, poses during a photo session outside the Kennedy Space Center Mission Control Center in Florida. Armstrong passed away on Saturday, August 25, 2012, at the age of 82. (NASA)
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Dryden test pilot Neil Armstrong, next to the experimental rocket-powered X-15 aircraft #1 (56-6670) after a research flight. (NASA)
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Members of pilot consultant group for the U.S. Air Force's Dyna Space glider project try out a cockpit simulator at the Boeing Aerospace division in Seattle, on March 15, 1962. Seated in simulator is Major James W. Wood, and with him is NASA's Pilot Neil Armstrong.
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From left, astronauts Frank Borman, Neil Armstrong, John Young, and Deke Slayton, during astronaut desert survival training near Reno, Nevada, in 1964. (NASA)
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Astronauts Neil Armstrong and David R. Scott arrive at Complex 19 for a simulated test in preparation for the flight of Gemini 8, on March 16, 1966.
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Astronauts Neil Armstrong and David R. Scott sit with their spacecraft hatches open while awaiting the arrival of the recovery ship, the USS Leonard F. Mason after the successful completion of their Gemini 8 mission, on March 16, 1966. They are assisted by USAF Pararescuemen Eldrige M. Neal, Larry D. Huyett, and Glenn M. Moore. The overhead view shows the Gemini 8 spacecraft with the yellow flotation collar attached to stabilize the spacecraft in choppy seas. The green marker dye is highly visible from the air and is used as a locating aid.
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Astronauts David Scott and Neil Armstrong walk down a corridor of Tripler General Hospital in Honolulu, Hawaii, for a night's rest before continuing their journey from Okinawa to Cape Kennedy to report on the emergency that brought an abrupt end to their space flight in Gemini 8, on March 18, 1966.
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Neil Armstrong, shown training with NASA Langley Research Centers Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) Simulator, in May of 1969. (NASA)
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Astronaut Neil Armstrong, Apollo 11 mission commander, floats safely to the ground after the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV) he was piloting exploded only seconds before while he was rehearsing a lunar landing at Ellington Air Force Base, on May 6, 1968. The photo is a blowup of 16mm documentary motion picture recorded during the mishap. (NASA)
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A reproduction of a portion of the lunar surface, constructed on the concrete pad where the Lunar Excursion Module Simulator (LEMS) was tested at the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, on June 20, 1969. The LEMS was a manned rocket-powered vehicle used to familiarize the Apollo astronauts with the handling characteristics of a lunar-landing type vehicle. (NASA)
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Neil Armstrong during an Earth-bound rehearsal for his upcoming walk on the Moon, on April 29, 1969. (NASA)
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An American flag flies in the foreground as the massive Saturn V rocket lifts off, carrying Apollo 11, the first Lunar landing mission. The vehicle lifted off with astronauts Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., at 9:32 a.m., July 16, 1969, from Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39A. (NASA)
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A view of the Earth, showing clouds over water, photographed from the Apollo 11 spacecraft following translunar injection, on 16 July 1969. (NASA)
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Apollo 11 Spacecraft interior with astronaut Neil Armstrong looking at the camera, inside the Command and Service Module. Image taken during translunar phase of the mission. (NASA)
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Mrs. Jan Armstrong registers pleasure over a picture of her husband, Apollo 11 commander, Neil Armstrong, taken during a telecast from the spacecraft on the way to the moon, and beamed back to earth, on July 18, 1969. In the rear seat is their son, Mark, 6.
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A view from the Apollo 11 spacecraft, showing Earth rising above the moon's horizon in July of 1969. (NASA)
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Apollo 11 astronauts capture a view of the far side of the moon in July of 1969. (NASA)
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Touchdown -- Astronauts Neil Armstrong (left), and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin Jr., stand by the Lunar Module ladder in this black and white reproduction taken from a telecast by the Apollo 11 lunar surface television camera during the Apollo 11 extravehicular activity, on July 20, 1969. (NASA)
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An estimated 10,000 people gather to watch giant television screens in New York's Central Park and cheer as astronaut Neil Armstrong takes man's first step on the moon on July 20, 1969.
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On the moon, Neil Armstrong's shadow appears in this photo of the landing site, taken from a distance, on July 20, 1969. (NASA)
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Neil Armstrong works at the Lunar Module, on July 20, 1969. (NASA)
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Neil Armstrong, photographer, appears reflected in the visor of Buzz Aldrin, near the leg of the Lunar Module during the Apollo 11 extravehicular activity (EVA), on July 20, 1969. (NASA)
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The flag of the United States, deployed on the surface of the moon, viewed from inside the Lunar Module, on July 20, 1969. The footprints of astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin stand out very clearly. (NASA)
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The face of a man who has just walked on the moon -- astronaut Neil Armstrong, inside the Lunar Module, still on the lunar surface, shortly after his historic moon walk, on July 20, 1969. Astronauts Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot, had just completed their extra-vehicular activity (EVA) when this picture was made. (AP Photo/NASA)
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In 2012, NASA's orbiting Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera captured this image of the Apollo 11 landing site from just 24 km (15 miles) above the surface. You can see the remnants of the astronauts' steps as dark regions around the Lunar Module and in dark tracks that lead to the scientific experiments the astronauts set up on the surface.
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Neil Armstrong – Photo Gallery
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The Apollo 11 crew await pickup by a helicopter from the USS Hornet, prime recovery ship for the historic lunar landing mission. The fourth man in the life raft is a United States Navy underwater demolition team swimmer. All four men are wearing biological isolation garments. The Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia with astronauts Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin aboard splashed down at 11:49 a.m., July 24, 1969, about 812 nautical miles southwest of Hawaii and only 12 nautical miles from the USS Hornet. (NASA)
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Neil Armstrong – Photo Gallery
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President Richard Nixon meets with the Apollo 11 astronauts in the isolation unit aboard the USS Hornet after splashdown and recovery, on July 24, 1969. The astronauts, left to right, are: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin.
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Astronaut Neil Armstrong blows a kiss to his sons, Eric, 12, and Mark, 6, who were on hand to welcome home their famous dad when the astronauts arrived at Ellington Air Force Base, in Houston, Texas, on July 27, 1969.
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The Apollo 11 crewmen, still under a 21-day quarantine, are greeted by their wives, on July 27, 1969, at Ellington Air Force Base. (NASA)
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Neil Armstrong strums a ukelele inside the Mobile Quarantine Facility, soon after the Apollo 11 crew arrived at Ellington Air Force Base, on July 27, 1969. (NASA)
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Hands of spectators reach out to clasp those of Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong as he left the lunar receiving laboratory, Manned Spacecraft Center, in Houston, Texas, on August 11, 1969 after the quarantine period for the moon explorers ended.
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New Yorkers line 42nd Street to cheer Apollo 11 astronauts, on August 13, 1969. In the lead car from left are: Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins and Neil Armstrong, who return the greeting with waves.
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Astronaut Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon, waves to the crowd during a ticker tape parade up lower Broadway in New York, on August 13, 1969.
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The Apollo 11 astronauts, Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins, wearing sombreros and ponchos, are swarmed by thousands in Mexico City as their motorcade is slowed by the enthusiastic crowd, on September 23, 1969. The GIANTSTEP-APOLLO 11 Presidential Goodwill Tour emphasized the willingness of the United States to share its space knowledge. The tour carried the Apollo 11 astronauts and their wives to 24 countries and 27 cities in 45 days.
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This picture taken on July 10, 1979 in Paris, France, shows former astronaut Neil Armstrong, during the recording of a television show.
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Neil Armstrong, an Eagle Scout himself, makes an appearance at a Boy Scout Jamboree in Japan, on July 5, 1974.
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Neil Armstrong receives a standing ovation as he prepares to address an audience at the 25th Lester D. Gardner Lecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, on May 3, 1994, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Armstrong, currently the chairman of an electronics firm, spoke on the engineering aspects of a lunar landing.
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Former astronaut Neil Armstrong speaks near a statue of himself at the dedication ceremony of the Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, on Saturday, October 27, 2007. Armstrong passed away on August 25, 2012. Armstrong's family released a statement on his death, saying in part: "For those who may ask what they can do to honor Neil, we have a simple request. Honor his example of service, accomplishment and modesty, and the next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink."